能够熟练掌握各类翻译技巧,是资深翻译人员的体现。那什么叫插入翻译法?
插入翻译法,指遇到不好处理的句子成分时,利用破折号、括号或者逗号,将成分插入译文当中。该方法多用于笔译,口译偶尔也会使用,借助同位语、插入语、定语从句处理解释说明类内容。
英语的插入结构主要用来体现说话人的态度看法,用于解释说明整句话,而非修饰某个单词。部分语法理论将其归为状语。插入结构和句子其他语法单元联系相对松散,用来表达作者观点,或是做补充注解,一般使用逗号和主句隔开,位置可放在句首、句中、句尾。 翻译成中文,部分句首插入语可以保留原有语序;但很多场景需要调整语序,贴合中文阅读习惯。英语插入成分包含副词、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语、分词短语、主谓结构,下面分别介绍各类插入结构的翻译方法。
形容词短语充当插入结构,一般译作 “…… 的是,……”,放置在所修饰句子的前面。
Most important of all, computers create wide communication around the world. 最重要的是,计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。
I slept late yesterday morning; worse still, my bike was out of order. 昨天早上我起得晚。更糟糕的是,我的自行车坏了。
Strange enough, he doesn’t know that famous writer. 奇怪的是,他竟然不知道那位著名的作家。
英语副词作插入语,可位于句首、句中、句尾。翻译通常放到被修饰句子的前面。
Apparently, it is going to rain. 很明显,要下雨了。
Fortunately, I passed the examination. 幸运的是,我通过了考试。
Incidentally, your proposal has been put to the discussion at the meeting. 顺便说一句,你的建议已经提交会议进行讨论了。
He was luckier, however, because he was only slightly wounded. 然而,他比较幸运,因为他只是受了点轻伤。
He is young. He has much experience in teaching English, though. 他很年轻,但是他有丰富的英语教学经验。
不定式短语作插入结构,用来诠释整句话。 常见短语:so to speak(可以这样说),to tell you the truth(老实对你说),to be frank(说句实话),to begin with(首先),to start with(首先),to be more exact(更确切地说),to sum up(总之,概括地说),to put it briefly(简单说来),to put it in another way(换句话说),to make a long story short(长话短说),to say the least of it(至少可以这样说),needless to say(不用说),strange to say(说来奇怪),to conclude(总之,最后),to be sure(可以肯定的说),to be specific(具体说来),to be precise(准确地说),to speak frankly(坦白地说)。
无论在原文中位置,翻译一般调整至句首。
It wasn’t a very good dinner, to say the least of it. 至少可以这样说,这次宴会并不成功。
The movie, to be frank, moved me to tears. 坦白地说,这部电影把我感动得流下了眼泪。
She wrote, to be exact, ten novels in her lifetime. 确切地说,她一生写了十部小说。
常见介词短语:all in all(总而言之),as a matter of fact(事实上),as a result(结果),at worst(在最坏的情况下),by the way(顺便说一句),first of all(首先),for example(例如),in conclusion(总之,最后),in fact(事实上),in effect(实际上),in my opinion(依我看来,我认为),in other words(换句话说,换言之),in short(简言之),to my delight(让我高兴的是),to one’s amazement(使某人惊讶的是),to one’s deep regret(使某人深感遗憾的是),to one’s relief(使某人感到欣慰的是),to one’s surprise(使某人感到吃惊的是)。大多翻译放在句首。
China, in fact, has caught up with and surpassed the world advanced levels in many respects. 事实上,中国已经在许多方面赶上和超过了世界先进水平。
What happen to him, by the way? 顺便问一句,他后来怎么样了?
All in all, her condition is greatly improved. 总之,她的健康状况已经大大的改善了。
分词短语作插入语,译文一般置于句首。 常用:considering…(考虑到),all things considered(从整体来看),allowing for…(考虑到),generally speaking(一般说来),judging from…(从…… 来判断),putting it another way(换句话说),roughly speaking(大体说来),taking account of…(考虑到),taking all things into consideration(全面看来),taking… as an example(以…… 为例),talking of…(说道),speaking of…(说道),strictly speaking(严格地说)。
Judging from the handwriting, it should be written by our teacher. 从字迹上判断,这应该是我们老师写的。
Generally speaking, she’s not quite fit for this kind of work. 总的来说,她不太适合做这种工作。
You managed the project very well, considering your inexperience. 考虑到你缺乏经验,你对这个项目处理得已经很好了。
议论文高频句型,删掉该部分,句子依然完整。同类句型:what we used to call, what is called, what they described as, what can be called, what they regarded as, as we call it, as we know it。通常译为“所谓的……”,可顺着原文语序翻译。
He is what we call a walking dictionary. 他就是所谓的活字典。
A compound, as we know it, results from the chemical union of two or more elements. 所谓的化合物是由两个或两个以上元素化合而成的。
主谓插入结构大多放在句中或者句尾;如果放在句首,就不属于插入语,而是主句 + 宾语从句。中文翻译习惯挪到句子开头。 常用:I think(我认为),I hope(我希望),I guess(我想),I’m afraid(恐怕),I believe(我认为,我相信),I suppose(我想,我认为),I wonder(我想知道),you see(你应该明白),you know(你知道),don’t you think(难道你不认为),don’t you know(难道你不知道),I tell you(我告诉你),it seems(似乎),it seems to me(在我看来,这似乎),it is said(据说),it is suggested(有人认为)。
The man, I think, does not deserve the prize. 我认为,那个人不应该得奖。
The air is rather refreshing, I suppose. 我想,那里的空气应该很宜人。
Honesty, I believe, is her virtue. 我认为,诚实是她的美德。
温馨提示:插入翻译法重在调整语序,但不能篡改原意;翻译时区分真正插入成分和主句成分,不要混淆句子主干。
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